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Bara'a Night (Arabic: ليلة البراءة, romanized: Laylat al-Bara’at) or Mid-Sha'ban (Arabic: نصف شعبان, romanized: Niṣf Sha‘bān) is a holiday observed by Muslim communities on the night between 14 and 15 Sha'ban.[1] It is regarded as a night when the fortunes of individuals for the coming year are decided and when Allah may forgive sinners. In many regions, this is also a night when prayers are arranged for forgiveness from Allah for one's deceased ancestors.[2] Additionally, Twelver Shia Muslims commemorate the birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi on this date.[citation needed]Salafi streams oppose the recognition of Mid-Sha'ban as exceptional for prayer.[3]
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- 2Origins
Etymology[edit]
The 15th of Sha'ban goes by several names, depending on the country in which it is observed. Most can be categorised into two general meanings:
- Mid-Sha'ban or Half of Sha'ban. Named after the day's chronological position in the eighth month of the Islamic calendar:
- Nisf(u) Sha'ban (Arabic: نصف شعبان),
- Nisfu Syaaban (Malay: نصف شعبان)
- Nim Sha'ban (Persian: نيم شعبان)
- Bara'at Night. Bara'at is an Arabic noun which is roughly translated to English as either innocence, records, assignment, deliverance or salvation.
- Laylat al-Bara'at (Arabic: ليلة البراءة)
- Berat Kandili (Turkish: Berâet Kandili)
- Shab e Bara'at (Persian/Urdu: شبِ براة, Hindi: शब-ए-बरात)
- Shab e Barat (Bengali: শবে বরাত)
Origins[edit]
The base for celebrating Mid-Sha'ban is not without dispute. Whether or not 15 Sha'ban is regarded as a special holiday, has primarily been an issue of interpreting the Quran and classifying the Hadith.
Quran[edit]
Although not mentioned directly in the Qur'an, two verses are sometimes ascribed[by whom?] to Mid-Sha‘ban:
'Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind]. On that night is made distinct every precise matter-'[Quran44:3–4]
According to Tafsir Ibn Kathir,[4] the more correct interpretation of this blessed night been attributed to another Islamic holy night, Laylat al-Qadr, based on additional verses.[5][6][7]
Hadith[edit]
In some hadiths of Sihah Sittah or pure six texts, this Hadith is described as the specialty of the night. Also in the other Hadith texts mention the specialty of this night. There are different standards of the hadiths and disagreements in this regard. The term, which is used in the hadeeth of the Hadith, is 'Nisf shaban' or 'lilatun nisafi min shawban' or 'night of mid shawban'. It has been said in a Hadith,
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that Allah has manifested on the night of mid-Shawan and forgiveness of all His creation except the polytheists and the envious.
— - (Ibnu Majah, As-Sunan 1/445; Bazzar, Al-Musnad 1/157, 207, 7/186; Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad 2/176; Ibn Abi Asim, As-Sunnah, pp. 223-224 Ibn Hibban, as-Sahih 12/481; Taabrani, al-Muzam al-Kabbir, 20/108, 22-233; Al-Mujam al-Aausat, 7/68; Baihaqi, Shu'abul Iman, 3/381; Ibnu Khuzaymah, Kitabut Tawhid 1 / 325-226.) [Sahih or Authentic narrator chain]
Another Hadith says,
Ayesha (R) said, one night I did not find the Prophet (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam), and I went out to seek him. I noticed that he was in Jannatul Baki, lifting his head towards the sky. He said, 'O Aisha! Do you fear that Allah and His Messenger will do injustice to you?' Ayesha (R) said, 'No, but rather I thought that you might have gone to your wife. He said that Allah Almighty descended on the earth in the middle of the night of Shaban and forgave the sins of more people than the wool of the sheeps of the people of Kalb tribe. (Ibn Majah, As-Sunan 1/444, Hadith No. 1388). Ibnu Abi Sabrah, the only narrator of this hadith. Ahmad, Imam Bukhari and other Muhaddis accused him of being liars.
— (Ibn Hajar, Taqribut Tahzib, page 63; Tahizibut Taazib, 12 / 25-26.), [Daif/Weak, or Maudu/fabricated narrator chain]
According to different Saheeh Hadith, Muhammad used to perform fasting in this month. Sha'aban's fast was the most loved of him. He used to perform fasting in the month of Ramadan, from the first to the 15th of the month. When asked about this, he said,
This month man's actions are being raised to the Lord Almighty. And I love that my work would be raised during my fasting.
— - (Nasa'i, As-Sunan 4/201; Albani, Sahihhut Taragib 1/24. [Hassan or better narrator chain]
Birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi[edit]
Mid-Sha'ban at the Jamkaran Mosque, Qom.
According to Twelver Shias, Muhammad al-Mahdi, the final ShiaImām, was born on 15 Sha'ban. Shi'as celebrate Muhammad al-Mahdi's birthday on that day and perform religious acts such as prayers, fasting, and worship. Iranian cities are decorated on night of Mid-Sha'ban.[8][9]
Related customs[edit]
Mid-Sha'ban is celebrated in countries including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Kirghistan. The Salafi Arabs do not celebrate this holiday. In the Arab world the festival is celebrated by Arabs with Sufi heritage, and Shias. In Iraq, children are given candies as they walk around their neighborhoods. Sunni Muslims in Iraqi Kurdistan and Afghanistan celebrate this holiday 15 days before Ramadan.[10] Some Muslims in Indonesia do communal zikr in mosques followed by a lecture (ceramah) led by an ustad or otherwise known in Java and Madura as a kyai. This tradition is rarely followed in Indonesia, but it is widely followed in Aceh, West Sumatra and South Kalimantan. In South Asia, Muslims make sweets (especially Halwa or Zarda) to be given to the neighbors and the poor on the evening prior to the 15th of Sha'ban.[11] This custom of distributing Halva is also practiced in Bosnia on the 15th night of Sha'ban, as well as on three other holidays: Laylat al-Qadr, Laylat al-Mi'raj and Laylat al-Raghaib.
References[edit]
- ^Dinesh Bihari Trivedi; A. H. M. Zehadul Karim (1990). Law and order in upper India: a study of Oudh, 1856–1877. Northern Book Centre. ISBN978-81-85119-83-0.
... The first significant religious occasion shabe-barat (lailat ul-barat or the night of deliverance) is held in the middle of Shaban (eighth month of the Islamic calendar) ...
- ^Jamal J. Elias (1999). Islam: Religions of the world. Psychology Press. ISBN978-0-415-21165-9.
... Laylat al-bara'a ... fortune for the coming year is popularly believed to be registered in Heaven ... prayer vigils and by feasting and illumination ... oblations are made in the name of deceased ancestors ...
- ^Muhammad Umar Memon, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm Ibn Taymīyah, Ibn Taimīya's struggle against popular religion: with an annotated translation of his Kitāb iqtiḍāʾ aṣ-ṣirāṭ al-mustaquīm mukhālafat aṣḥāb al-jaḥīm, Mouton, 1976, ISBN978-90-279-7591-1,
... among the Salaf as well as those among the khalaf, however, reject any excellence for the night in question and challenge the authenticity ... Marking mid-Sha'ban by fasting is without foundation, nay marking it is disapproved of. Likewise, celebrating it by preparing ...
- ^[1]
- ^Quran97:1–5
- ^Quran2:185
- ^Fatwa by the Permanent Committee
- ^'Iranians celebrate birth of Imam Mahdi'. Press TV. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
- ^'A Dazzling Night in Iran Embellished with Spirituality'. Real Iran. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
- ^'Live Chennai: Shab-E-Barat – Festivals of India – Festivals in India – Muslim Festivals – Ramzan – Id-ul-fitr – Bakrid, Eid Mubarak'. livechennai.com.
- ^'About: Shab-e-barat (شب برات)'. Events In Karachi – Latest Event Updates- Articles – About Karachi.
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Sha%27ban&oldid=909139234'
Shab e barat shaban k month ki sb se bare r mubaik rat hoti ha musalmano k liye. Is rat ALLAH banu kalb ki bakriyun k balun k barabar logo ko agg se azad farmaty hn.Shaban aur shab e barat k bary ma ek hadees me huzur sallallahu alayhi wasallam ne farmaya k shabaan mera mahina he or ramdan ALLAH ka mahina he. Sach me shaban khub barkat wala mahina he. Ek baar huzur sallallahu alayhi wasallam bethe the. Itne me mshur sahabi hazrat usama bin zaid radiyallahu ta'ala anhu waha aaya
or kaha :
ya rasulallahu ! sallallahu alayhi wasallam aap shaban me k mahine me dusre mahino se ziydah roze q rakhte ho?
aap ne farmaya : usama ! shaban bahot barkat wala mahina he lakin log uski fazilat se gafil he ye mahina rajab or ramdan k bich me he. Yeh mahine me bande k aa'amal bargahe ilahi me pesh kiye jate he. Roza ki halat me mere aa'amal ALLAH ki bargah me pesh kiye jaye wo baat muje bahot pasand he.is liye me is mahine dusre mahino se ziyadah roza rakhta hu. Ye mahine me ek raat aati he jisko shabe barat kehte he shabe barat 14 tarikh or 15 tarikh k bich ki raat ku kehte he.ye khub barkat wali raat he. is raat me ALLAH RABBUL IZZAT ki taraf se rahmate or barkate barish ki tarah girti he.is liye ise ' shabre rahmat ' or ' shabe barkat ' bhi kehte he.
Shabaan Jo ke aam Logo me Shab e Baraat ke Naam se Mashoor hai , Uske Fazilat ke Mutalliq Daur e haazir ke Baaz Raushan Khiyaal Hazraat ka Nazariya hai ke Shab e Baraat se Mutalliq Jitni Riwayaat Kutub Ahadees me Milti hai , sabke sab Ya Yoh Mauzu aur Man-ghadak hai ya Shaheed Qism ki Zaeef hai.
Is Ghalat Nazariye ki Binaa par Yeh Log Is raat ki Fazilat ke Sire se Munkir hogaye hai aur is Shab ki Bedaari aur Ibaadat ko Bura Samajhne Lage hai.
Jabke Shab e Baraat ki Fazilat ke Silsile me Sahaba Ikraam Rdh. Ki Ek Jaleel ul Qadr Jamaat se Muqtalif Turq aur Muqtalif Isnaad ke Saat Riwayaat Marwi hai.
Hadees no. 1:
Hazrat Ma’az Bin Jabal Rdh. Nabi E Karim Saw Se Riwayat Karte Hai Ke Aap SAW Ne Farmaaya Allah Tala Sha’abaan Ki 15 Vi Shab Apni Makhlooq Ki Taraf Nazar E Rehmat Farmaakar Tamaam Maqlooq Ki Maghfirat Farmaa Dete Hai Siwaaye Mushrik Aur Kina Rakhne Waale Ki.
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